Balloon angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure used to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels, typically arteries, to restore proper blood flow. The procedure involves inserting a thin tube called a catheter with a small balloon on its tip into the affected artery, usually through a small incision in the groin or wrist. Once the catheter reaches the narrowed area, the balloon is inflated, compressing the plaque against the artery walls and widening the vessel to improve blood flow. Balloon angioplasty is commonly used to treat coronary artery disease, which is caused by the buildup of fatty deposits (plaque) inside the coronary arteries, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart and increasing the risk of heart attack. Complications from balloon angioplasty can include damage to the artery, which may result in bleeding or the formation of a blood clot. In some cases, the artery may re-narrow, a condition known as restenosis, requiring further treatment. Rare but serious complications include heart attack, stroke, or damage to the blood vessel, which could necessitate emergency surgery. There is also a risk of allergic reaction to the contrast dye used during the procedure. Despite these potential risks, balloon angioplasty is generally considered a safe and effective treatment for improving blood flow in patients with coronary artery disease, often providing immediate relief from symptoms such as chest pain and shortness of breath and reducing the risk of future heart complications.
